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The centroid is center of mass of a two-dimensional planar lamina or a three-dimensional solid. The mass of a lamina with surface density function sigma(x,y) is ...

The determinant of a binary quadratic form Au^2+2Buv+Cv^2 is defined as D=AC-B^2. It is equal to 1/4 of the corresponding binary quadratic form discriminant. Unfortunately, ...

The boustrophedon ("ox-plowing") transform b of a sequence a is given by b_n = sum_(k=0)^(n)(n; k)a_kE_(n-k) (1) a_n = sum_(k=0)^(n)(-1)^(n-k)(n; k)b_kE_(n-k) (2) for n>=0, ...

Cahen's constant is defined as C = sum_(k=0)^(infty)((-1)^k)/(a_k-1) (1) = 0.64341054628... (2) (OEIS A118227), where a_k is the kth term of Sylvester's sequence.

A compact manifold without boundary.

A requirement necessary for a given statement or theorem to hold. Also called a criterion.

The discriminant of the general conic section ax_1^2+bx_2^2+cx_3^2+2fx_2x_3+2gx_1x_3+2hx_1x_2=0 is defined as Delta=|a h g; h b f; g f c|=abc+2fgh-af^2-bg^2-ch^2. If b=a and ...

The covercosine, also called the coversed cosine, is a little-used trigonometric function defined by covercos(z) = vercos(1/2pi-z) (1) = 1+sinz, (2) where vercosz is the ...

Down arrow notation is an inverse of the Knuth up-arrow notation defined by evn = lnn (1) evvn = ln^*n (2) evvvn = ln^(**)n, (3) where ln^*n is the number of times the ...

Elementary methods consist of arithmetic, geometry, and high school algebra. These are the only tools that may be used in the branch of number theory known as elementary ...