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The exterior of a knot K is the complement of an open solid torus knotted like K. The removed open solid torus is called a tubular neighborhood (Adams 1994, p. 258).

The symbol defined by c^(a/b) = c(c+b)(c+2b)...[c+(a-1)b] (1) = b^a(c/b)_a (2) = (b^aGamma(a+c/b))/(Gamma(c/b)), (3) where (a)_n is the Pochhammer symbol and Gamma(z) is the ...

The Krohn-Rhodes complexity, also called the group complexity or simply "the complexity," of a finite semigroup S is the smallest number of groups in a wreath product of ...

Krohn-Rhodes theory is a mathematical approach that seeks to decompose finite semigroups in terms of finite aperiodic semigroups and finite groups.

The numbers B_(n,k)(1!,2!,3!,...)=(n-1; k-1)(n!)/(k!), where B_(n,k) is a Bell polynomial.

Any complex measure lambda decomposes into an absolutely continuous measure lambda_a and a singular measure lambda_c, with respect to some positive measure mu. This is the ...

A formula which counts the number of fixed points for a topological transformation.

A curve on a surface whose tangents are always in the direction of principal curvature. The equation of the lines of curvature can be written |g_(11) g_(12) g_(22); b_(11) ...

product_(i)dp_idq_i, where p_i and q_i are momenta and positions of particles.

A function f(x) satisfies the Lipschitz condition of order beta at x=0 if |f(h)-f(0)|<=B|h|^beta for all |h|<epsilon, where B and beta are independent of h, beta>0, and alpha ...