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A two-component complex column vector. Spinors can describe both bosons and fermions, while tensors can describe only bosons.

In particle physics, a spinor field of order 2s describes a particle of spin s, where s is an integer or half-integer. Therefore, a spinor of order 4s contains as much ...

The Lie derivative of a spinor psi is defined by L_Xpsi(x)=lim_(t->0)(psi^~_t(x)-psi(x))/t, where psi^~_t is the image of psi by a one-parameter group of isometries with X ...

The combination of a central dilation and a rotation about the same center. However, the combination of a central dilation and a rotation whose centers are distinct is also a ...

The equation of the curve of intersection of a torus with a plane perpendicular to both the midplane of the torus and to the plane x=0. (The general intersection of a torus ...

A hypotrochoid generated by a fixed point on a circle rolling inside a fixed circle. The curves above correspond to values of a=0.1, 0.2, ..., 1.0. Additional attractive ...

A figure formed by taking a series of steps of length 1, 2, ..., n, with an angle theta turn after each step. The symbol for a spirolateral is ^(a_1,...,a_k)n_theta, where ...

The extension field K of a field F is called a splitting field for the polynomial f(x) in F[x] if f(x) factors completely into linear factors in K[x] and f(x) does not factor ...

Consider a star graph S_(n+1) consisting of a central hub vertex and n spokes, but instead of placing a single point at the end of each spoke, place k points along it (in ...

A square-free graph is a graph containing no graph cycles of length four. A simple graph is square-free iff c_4=1/8[Tr(A^4)-2m-2sum_(i!=j)a_(ij)^((2))]=0, where A is the ...