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The vector r from the origin to the current position. It is also called the position vector. The derivative of r satisfies ...

A matrix for which horizontal and vertical dimensions are not the same (i.e., an m×n matrix with m!=n).

A p×q submatrix of an m×n matrix (with p<=m, q<=n) is a p×q matrix formed by taking a block of the entries of this size from the original matrix.

A module over a ring that is contained in and has the same addition as another module over the same ring.

A matrix, also called a canonical box matrix, having zeros everywhere except along the diagonal and superdiagonal, with each element of the diagonal consisting of a single ...

Let E be a Euclidean space, (beta,alpha) be the dot product, and denote the reflection in the hyperplane P_alpha={beta in E|(beta,alpha)=0} by ...

A complex vector space is a vector space whose field of scalars is the complex numbers. A linear transformation between complex vector spaces is given by a matrix with ...

Given a module M over a unit ring R, the set End_R(M) of its module endomorphisms is a ring with respect to the addition of maps, (f+g)(x)=f(x)+g(x), for all x in M, and the ...

A ring equipped with a filtration.

A filtration of ideals of a commutative unit ring R is a sequence of ideals ... subset= I_2 subset= I_1 subset= I_0=R, such that I_iI_j subset= I_(i+j) for all indices i,j. ...