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The relationship x precedes y is written x≺y. The relation x precedes or is equal to y is written x<=y.

An algorithm which finds the least nonnegative value of sqrt(a (mod p)) for given a and prime p.

A congruence that has a solution.

Picking two independent sets of points x and y from a unit uniform distribution and placing them at coordinates (x,y) gives points uniformly distributed over the unit square. ...

Two curves are tangent externally at a point P if they lie on opposite sides of their common tangent at P

In the American system, 10^(42).

Twin primes are pairs of primes of the form (p, p+2). The term "twin prime" was coined by Paul Stäckel (1862-1919; Tietze 1965, p. 19). The first few twin primes are n+/-1 ...

Let (x_0x_1x_2...) be a sequence over a finite alphabet A (all the entries are elements of A). Define the block growth function B(n) of a sequence to be the number of ...

The set of all zero-systems of a group G is denoted B(G) and is called the block monoid of G since it forms a commutative monoid under the operation of zero-system addition ...

Let O be an order of an imaginary quadratic field. The class equation of O is the equation H_O=0, where H_O is the extension field minimal polynomial of j(O) over Q, with ...