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A non-Euclidean geometry, also called Lobachevsky-Bolyai-Gauss geometry, having constant sectional curvature -1. This geometry satisfies all of Euclid's postulates except the ...

An Archimedean spiral with polar equation r=a/theta. (1) The hyperbolic spiral, also called the inverse spiral (Whittaker 1944, p. 83), originated with Pierre Varignon in ...

In general, the internal similitude center of two circles C_1=C(x_1,r_1) and C_2=C(x_2,r_2) with centers given in Cartesian coordinates is given by ...

"Jabulani polyhedron" is a term introduced here to refer to the polyhedron illustrated above which underlies the shape of the soccer ball used in the 2010 World Cup in South ...

The Jahangir graph J_(n,m) is a kind of generalized wheel graph with consisting of mn circular vertices and a central vertex connected to every mth vertex around the circle. ...

A polygon whose vertices are points of a point lattice. Regular lattice n-gons exists only for n=3, 4, and 6 (Schoenberg 1937, Klamkin and Chrestenson 1963, Maehara 1993). A ...

The minimal polynomial of a matrix A is the monic polynomial in A of smallest degree n such that p(A)=sum_(i=0)^nc_iA^i=0. (1) The minimal polynomial divides any polynomial q ...

A deconvolution algorithm (sometimes abbreviated MEM) which functions by minimizing a smoothness function ("entropy") in an image. Maximum entropy is also called the ...

A d-dimensional discrete percolation model on a regular point lattice L=L^d is said to be oriented if L is an oriented lattice. One common such model takes place on the ...

A set of four points, one of which is the orthocenter of the other three. In an orthocentric system, each point is the orthocenter of the triangle of the other three, as ...