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The vector Laplacian can be generalized to yield the tensor Laplacian A_(munu;lambda)^(;lambda) = (g^(lambdakappa)A_(munu;lambda))_(;kappa) (1) = ...

The Theodorus spiral, also known as the Einstein spiral, Pythagorean spiral, square root spiral, or--to contrast it with certain continuous analogs--the discrete spiral of ...

A four-vector a_mu is said to be timelike if its four-vector norm satisfies a_mua^mu<0. One should note that the four-vector norm is nothing more than a special case of the ...

A shortened term for integral transform. Geometrically, if S and T are two transformations, then the similarity transformation TST^(-1) is sometimes called the transform ...

A transformation consisting of a constant offset with no rotation or distortion. In n-dimensional Euclidean space, a translation may be specified simply as a vector giving ...

Power formulas include sin^2x = 1/2[1-cos(2x)] (1) sin^3x = 1/4[3sinx-sin(3x)] (2) sin^4x = 1/8[3-4cos(2x)+cos(4x)] (3) and cos^2x = 1/2[1+cos(2x)] (4) cos^3x = ...

Trigonometric functions of npi/11 for n an integer cannot be expressed in terms of sums, products, and finite root extractions on real rational numbers because 11 is not a ...

Trigonometric functions of npi/13 for n an integer cannot be expressed in terms of sums, products, and finite root extractions on real rational numbers because 13 is not a ...

The trigonometric formulas for pi/5 can be derived using the multiple-angle formula sin(5theta)=5sintheta-20sin^3theta+16sin^5theta. (1) Letting theta=pi/5 and x=sintheta ...

Trigonometric functions of npi/9 radians for n an integer not divisible by 3 (e.g., 40 degrees and 80 degrees) cannot be expressed in terms of sums, products, and finite root ...