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Let a vault consist of two equal half-cylinders of radius r which intersect at right angles so that the lines of their intersections (the "groins") terminate in the ...

A weak pseudo-Riemannian metric on a smooth manifold M is a (0,2) tensor field g which is symmetric and for which, at each m in M, g_m(v_m,w_m)=0 for all w_m in T_mM implies ...

A weak Riemannian metric on a smooth manifold M is a (0,2) tensor field g which is both a weak pseudo-Riemannian metric and positive definite. In a very precise way, the ...

Spinor fields describing particles of zero rest mass satisfy the so-called zero rest mass equations. Examples of zero rest mass particles include the neutrino (a fermion) and ...

A zonal harmonic is a spherical harmonic of the form P_l(costheta), i.e., one which reduces to a Legendre polynomial (Whittaker and Watson 1990, p. 302). These harmonics are ...

The q-analog of pi pi_q can be defined by setting a=0 in the q-factorial [a]_q!=1(1+q)(1+q+q^2)...(1+q+...+q^(a-1)) (1) to obtain ...

An elliptic integral is an integral of the form int(A(x)+B(x)sqrt(S(x)))/(C(x)+D(x)sqrt(S(x)))dx, (1) or int(A(x)dx)/(B(x)sqrt(S(x))), (2) where A(x), B(x), C(x), and D(x) ...

A Fourier series is an expansion of a periodic function f(x) in terms of an infinite sum of sines and cosines. Fourier series make use of the orthogonality relationships of ...

In antiquity, geometric constructions of figures and lengths were restricted to the use of only a straightedge and compass (or in Plato's case, a compass only; a technique ...

An integral of the form intf(z)dz, (1) i.e., without upper and lower limits, also called an antiderivative. The first fundamental theorem of calculus allows definite ...