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Three circles packed inside a triangle such that each is tangent to the other two and to two sides of the triangle are known as Malfatti circles. The Malfatti configuration ...

In 1803, Malfatti posed the problem of determining the three circular columns of marble of possibly different sizes which, when carved out of a right triangular prism, would ...

A point lattice is a regularly spaced array of points. In the plane, point lattices can be constructed having unit cells in the shape of a square, rectangle, hexagon, etc. ...

A quartic equation is a fourth-order polynomial equation of the form z^4+a_3z^3+a_2z^2+a_1z+a_0=0. (1) While some authors (Beyer 1987b, p. 34) use the term "biquadratic ...

Consider the average length of a line segment determined by two points picked at random in the interior of an arbitrary triangle Delta(a,b,c) with side lengths a, b, and c. ...

A circle packing is an arrangement of circles inside a given boundary such that no two overlap and some (or all) of them are mutually tangent. The generalization to spheres ...

The Legendre polynomials, sometimes called Legendre functions of the first kind, Legendre coefficients, or zonal harmonics (Whittaker and Watson 1990, p. 302), are solutions ...

Clausen's _4F_3 identity _4F_3(a,b,c,d; e,f,g;1)=((2a)_(|d|)(a+b)_(|d|)(2b)_(|d|))/((2a+2b)_(|d|)a_(|d|)b_(|d|)), (1) holds for a+b+c-d=1/2, e=a+b+1/2, a+f=d+1=b+g, where d a ...

Pairs of partitions for a single number whose Ferrers diagrams transform into each other when reflected about the line y=-x, with the coordinates of the upper left dot taken ...

Let a Gram point g_n be called "good" if (-1)^nZ(g_n)>0, and "bad" otherwise (Rosser et al. 1969; Edwards 2001, p. 180). Then the interval between two consecutive good Gram ...