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The problem in calculus of variations to find the minimal surface of a boundary with specified constraints (usually having no singularities on the surface). In general, there ...

In the case of a general surface, the distance between two points measured along the surface is known as a geodesic. For example, the shortest distance between two points on ...

A point process is a probabilistic model for random scatterings of points on some space X often assumed to be a subset of R^d for some d. Oftentimes, point processes describe ...

A plot of a function expressed in polar coordinates, with radius r as a function of angle theta. Polar plots can be drawn in the Wolfram Language using PolarPlot[r, {t, tmin, ...

As first shown by Meyer and Ritchie (1967), do-loops (which have a fixed iteration limit) are a special case of while-loops. A function that can be implemented using only ...

Let p_n be the nth prime, then the primorial (which is the analog of the usual factorial for prime numbers) is defined by p_n#=product_(k=1)^np_k. (1) The values of p_n# for ...

A pyramidal frustum is a frustum made by chopping the top off a pyramid. It is a special case of a prismatoid. For a right pyramidal frustum, let s be the slant height, h the ...

If p and q are distinct odd primes, then the quadratic reciprocity theorem states that the congruences x^2=q (mod p) x^2=p (mod q) (1) are both solvable or both unsolvable ...

A quartic vertex-transitive graph is a quartic graph that is vertex transitive. Read and Wilson (1988, pp. 164-166) enumerate all connected quartic vertex-transitive graphs ...

A closed planar quadrilateral with opposite sides of equal lengths a and b, and with four right angles. A square is a degenerate rectangle with a=b. The area of the rectangle ...