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Let N steps of equal length be taken along a line. Let p be the probability of taking a step to the right, q the probability of taking a step to the left, n_1 the number of ...

A partial differential equation which appears in differential geometry and relativistic field theory. Its name is a wordplay on its similar form to the Klein-Gordon equation. ...

Expanding the Riemann zeta function about z=1 gives zeta(z)=1/(z-1)+sum_(n=0)^infty((-1)^n)/(n!)gamma_n(z-1)^n (1) (Havil 2003, p. 118), where the constants ...

The adjacency list representation of a graph consists of n lists one for each vertex v_i, 1<=i<=n, which gives the vertices to which v_i is adjacent. The adjacency lists of a ...

An algebraic manifold is another name for a smooth algebraic variety. It can be covered by coordinate charts so that the transition functions are given by rational functions. ...

Let M^n be a compact n-dimensional oriented Riemannian manifold without boundary, let O be a group representation of pi_1(M) by orthogonal matrices, and let E(O) be the ...

Define an antipode of a given graph vertex v_i as a vertex v_j at greatest possible graph distance from v_i. Then an antipodal graph is a connected graph in which each vertex ...

The best known example of an Anosov diffeomorphism. It is given by the transformation [x_(n+1); y_(n+1)]=[1 1; 1 2][x_n; y_n], (1) where x_(n+1) and y_(n+1) are computed mod ...

Given a principal bundle pi:A->M, with fiber a Lie group G and base manifold M, and a group representation of G, say phi:G×V->V, then the associated vector bundle is ...

In simple terms, let x, y, and z be members of an algebra. Then the algebra is said to be associative if x·(y·z)=(x·y)·z, (1) where · denotes multiplication. More formally, ...