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Let A be a C^*-algebra. An element a in A is called self-adjoint if a^*=a. For example, the real functions of the C^*-algebra of C([a,b]) of continuous complex-valued ...

For a given monic quartic equation f(x)=x^4+a_3x^3+a_2x^2+a_1x+a_0, (1) the resolvent cubic is the monic cubic polynomial g(x)=x^3+b_2x^2+b_1x+b_0, (2) where the coefficients ...

Given a general quadratic curve Ax^2+Bxy+Cy^2+Dx+Ey+F=0, (1) the quantity X is known as the discriminant, where X=B^2-4AC, (2) and is invariant under rotation. Using the ...

The substitution of x=w-p/(3w) (1) into the standard form cubic equation x^3+px=q. (2) The result reduces the cubic to the equation w^3-(p^3)/(27w^3)-q=0, (3) which is easily ...

A Lie algebra is a vector space g with a Lie bracket [X,Y], satisfying the Jacobi identity. Hence any element X gives a linear transformation given by ad(X)(Y)=[X,Y], (1) ...

For an algebra A, the associator is the trilinear map A×A×A->A given by (x,y,z)=(xy)z-x(yz). The associator is identically zero iff A is associative.

A quaternion with complex coefficients. The algebra of biquaternions is isomorphic to a full matrix ring over the complex number field (van der Waerden 1985).

The relationship Sq^i(x cup y)=Sigma_(j+k=i)Sq^j(x) cup Sq^k(y) encountered in the definition of the steenrod algebra.

The only nonassociative division algebra with real scalars. There is an 8-square identity corresponding to this algebra. The elements of a Cayley algebra are called Cayley ...

Let A be a commutative complex Banach algebra. A nonzero homomorphism from A onto the field of complex numbers is called a character. Every character is automatically ...