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An independent variable is a variable whose values don't depend on changes in other variables. This is in contrast to the definition of dependent variable. As with dependent ...

A real-valued univariate function f=f(x) is said to have an infinite discontinuity at a point x_0 in its domain provided that either (or both) of the lower or upper limits of ...

An ordinal number is called an initial ordinal if every smaller ordinal has a smaller cardinal number (Moore 1982, p. 248; Rubin 1967, p. 271). The omega_alphas ordinal ...

The largest area of intersection of a solid body by a plane parallel to a given plane, also called the "HA measurement."

Given triangle DeltaABC, there are four lines simultaneously tangent to the incircle (with center I) and the A-excircle (with center J_A). Of these, three correspond to the ...

The sum I over all internal (circular) nodes of the paths from the root of an extended binary tree to each node. For example, in the tree above, the internal path length is ...

Let X be an infinite set of urelements, and let V(^*X) be an enlargement of the superstructure V(X). Let A,B in V(X) be finitary algebras with finitely many operations, and ...

A partially ordered set P=(X,<=) is an interval order if it is isomorphic to some set of intervals on the real line ordered by left-to-right precedence. Formally, P is an ...

A point process N on R is said to be interval stationary if for every r=1,2,3,... and for all integers i_i,...,i_r, the joint distribution of {tau_(i_1+k),...,tau_(i_r+k)} ...

A quantity which remains unchanged under certain classes of transformations. Invariants are extremely useful for classifying mathematical objects because they usually reflect ...