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In calculus, geometry, and plotting contexts, the term "linear function" means a function whose graph is a straight line, i.e., a polynomial function of degree 0 or 1. A ...

n vectors X_1, X_2, ..., X_n are linearly dependent iff there exist scalars c_1, c_2, ..., c_n, not all zero, such that sum_(i=1)^nc_iX_i=0. (1) If no such scalars exist, ...

The Lommel polynomials R_(m,nu)(z) arise from the equation J_(m+nu)(z)=J_nu(z)R_(m,nu)(z)-J_(nu-1)(z)R_(m-1,nu+1)(z), (1) where J_nu(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind ...

Nonhomogeneous matrix equations of the form Ax=b (1) can be solved by taking the matrix inverse to obtain x=A^(-1)b. (2) This equation will have a nontrivial solution iff the ...

Consider a knot as being formed from two tangles. The following three operations are called mutations. 1. Cut the knot open along four points on each of the four strings ...

Samuel Pepys wrote Isaac Newton a long letter asking him to determine the probabilities for a set of dice rolls related to a wager he planned to make. Pepys asked which was ...

A number which is simultaneously a nonagonal number N_m and pentagonal number P_n and therefore satisfies the Diophantine equation 1/2m(7m-5)=1/2n(3n-1). (1) Completing the ...

A set in which no element divides the sum of any nonempty subset of the other elements. For example, {2,3,5} is dividing, since 2|(3+5) (and 5|(2+3)), but {4,6,7} is ...

To solve the system of differential equations (dx)/(dt)=Ax(t)+p(t), (1) where A is a matrix and x and p are vectors, first consider the homogeneous case with p=0. The ...

An n-persistent number is a positive integer k which contains the digits 0, 1, ..., 9 (i.e., is a pandigital number), and for which 2k, ..., nk also share this property. No ...