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A symmetric matrix is a square matrix that satisfies A^(T)=A, (1) where A^(T) denotes the transpose, so a_(ij)=a_(ji). This also implies A^(-1)A^(T)=I, (2) where I is the ...

Given a regular tetrahedron of unit volume, consider the lengths of line segments connecting pairs of points picked at random inside the tetrahedron. The distribution of ...

The constant e is base of the natural logarithm. e is sometimes known as Napier's constant, although its symbol (e) honors Euler. e is the unique number with the property ...

The van der Grinten projection is a map projection given by the transformation x = (1) y = sgn(phi)(pi|PQ-Asqrt((A^2+1)(P^2+A^2)-Q^2)|)/(P^2+A^2), (2) where A = ...

Orthogonal polynomials are classes of polynomials {p_n(x)} defined over a range [a,b] that obey an orthogonality relation int_a^bw(x)p_m(x)p_n(x)dx=delta_(mn)c_n, (1) where ...

An ordinary differential equation of the form y^('')+P(x)y^'+Q(x)y=0. (1) Such an equation has singularities for finite x=x_0 under the following conditions: (a) If either ...

The (complete) gamma function Gamma(n) is defined to be an extension of the factorial to complex and real number arguments. It is related to the factorial by Gamma(n)=(n-1)!, ...

A multiplication table is an array showing the result of applying a binary operator to elements of a given set S. For example, the following table is the multiplication table ...

The homomorphism S which, according to the snake lemma, permits construction of an exact sequence (1) from the above commutative diagram with exact rows. The homomorphism S ...

A cubefree word contains no cubed words as subwords. The number of binary cubefree words of length n=1, 2, ... are 2, 4, 6, 10, 16, 24, 36, 56, 80, 118, ... (OEIS A028445). ...