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On a Riemannian manifold M, tangent vectors can be moved along a path by parallel transport, which preserves vector addition and scalar multiplication. So a closed loop at a ...

For every dimension n>0, the orthogonal group O(n) is the group of n×n orthogonal matrices. These matrices form a group because they are closed under multiplication and ...

Abstractly, a spatial configuration F is said to possess rotational symmetry if F remains invariant under the group C=C(F). Here, C(F) denotes the group of rotations of F and ...

The algebraic unknotting number of a knot K in S^3 is defined as the algebraic unknotting number of the S-equivalence class of a Seifert matrix of K. The algebraic unknotting ...

An apodization function (also called a tapering function or window function) is a function used to smoothly bring a sampled signal down to zero at the edges of the sampled ...

The integral transform defined by (Kphi)(x)=int_0^infty(x^2-t^2)_+^(lambda/2)P_nu^lambda(t/x)phi(t)dt, where y_+^alpha is the truncated power function and P_nu^lambda(x) is ...

A convolution is an integral that expresses the amount of overlap of one function g as it is shifted over another function f. It therefore "blends" one function with another. ...

The cylinder function is defined as C(x,y)={1 for sqrt(x^2+y^2)<=a; 0 for sqrt(x^2+y^2)>a. (1) The Bessel functions are sometimes also called cylinder functions. To find the ...

A series suma(n)e^(-lambda(n)z), where a(n) and z are complex and {lambda(n)} is a monotonic increasing sequence of real numbers. The numbers lambda(n) are called the ...

Let f(x) be a positive definite, measurable function on the interval (-infty,infty). Then there exists a monotone increasing, real-valued bounded function alpha(t) such that ...