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An arithmetic progression of primes is a set of primes of the form p_1+kd for fixed p_1 and d and consecutive k, i.e., {p_1,p_1+d,p_1+2d,...}. For example, 199, 409, 619, ...

The objective of global optimization is to find the globally best solution of (possibly nonlinear) models, in the (possible or known) presence of multiple local optima. ...

Let n be a positive nonsquare integer. Then Artin conjectured that the set S(n) of all primes for which n is a primitive root is infinite. Under the assumption of the ...

A bipartite graph, also called a bigraph, is a set of graph vertices decomposed into two disjoint sets such that no two graph vertices within the same set are adjacent. A ...

A graph is claw-free iff it does not contain the complete bipartite graph K_(1,3) (known as the "claw graph"; illustrated above) as a forbidden induced subgraph. The line ...

Cubic graphs, also called trivalent graphs, are graphs all of whose nodes have degree 3 (i.e., 3-regular graphs). Cubic graphs on n nodes exists only for even n (Harary 1994, ...

A cubic polyhedral graph is a graph that is both cubic and polyhedral. The numbers of cubical polyhedral graphs on n=2, 4, ... nodes are 0, 1, 1, 2, 5, 14, 50, 233, 1249, ... ...

A derangement is a permutation in which none of the objects appear in their "natural" (i.e., ordered) place. For example, the only derangements of {1,2,3} are {2,3,1} and ...

The Euler-Mascheroni constant gamma=0.577215664901532860606512090082402431042... (OEIS A001620) was calculated to 16 digits by Euler in 1781 and to 32 decimal places by ...

There are at least three definitions of "groupoid" currently in use. The first type of groupoid is an algebraic structure on a set with a binary operator. The only ...