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An equalizer of a pair of maps f,g:X->Y in a category is a map e:E->X such that 1. f degreese=g degreese, where degrees denotes composition. 2. For any other map e^':E^'->X ...

An algebraic variety is a generalization to n dimensions of algebraic curves. More technically, an algebraic variety is a reduced scheme of finite type over a field K. An ...

Given a group action G×F->F and a principal bundle pi:A->M, the associated fiber bundle on M is pi^~:A×F/G->M. (1) In particular, it is the quotient space A×F/G where ...

A cubic lattice is a lattice whose points lie at positions (x,y,z) in the Cartesian three-space, where x, y, and z are integers. The term is also used to refer to a regular ...

Given a differential operator D on the space of differential forms, an eigenform is a form alpha such that Dalpha=lambdaalpha (1) for some constant lambda. For example, on ...

Let a space curve have line elements ds_N, ds_T, and ds_B along the normal, tangent, and binormal vectors respectively, then ds_N^2=ds_T^2+ds_B^2, (1) where ds_N^2 = ...

A magic cube is an n×n×n version of a magic square in which the n^2 rows, n^2 columns, n^2 pillars, and four space diagonals each sum to a single number M_3(n) known as the ...

Let P(1/x) be a linear functional acting according to the formula <P(1/x),phi> = Pint(phi(x))/xdx (1) = ...

The tesseract is the hypercube in R^4, also called the 8-cell or octachoron. It has the Schläfli symbol {4,3,3}, and vertices (+/-1,+/-1,+/-1,+/-1). The figure above shows a ...

Trigonometric functions of pi/p for p prime have an especially complicated Galois-minimal representation. In particular, the case cos(pi/23) requires approximately 500 MB of ...