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In order to find integers x and y such that x^2=y^2 (mod n) (1) (a modified form of Fermat's factorization method), in which case there is a 50% chance that GCD(n,x-y) is a ...

The matrix decomposition of a square matrix A into so-called eigenvalues and eigenvectors is an extremely important one. This decomposition generally goes under the name ...

The elliptic modulus k is a quantity used in elliptic integrals and elliptic functions defined to be k=sqrt(m), where m is the parameter. An elliptic integral is written ...

Given a Poisson distribution with rate of change lambda, the distribution of waiting times between successive changes (with k=0) is D(x) = P(X<=x) (1) = 1-P(X>x) (2) = ...

Fermat's spiral, also known as the parabolic spiral, is an Archimedean spiral with m=2 having polar equation r^2=a^2theta. (1) This curve was discussed by Fermat in 1636 ...

The exponent is the component of a finite floating-point representation that signifies the integer power to which the radix is raised in determining the value of that ...

The constant e^pi that Gelfond's theorem established to be transcendental seems to lack a generally accepted name. As a result, in this work, it will be dubbed Gelfond's ...

In 1757, V. Riccati first recorded the generalizations of the hyperbolic functions defined by F_(n,r)^alpha(x)=sum_(k=0)^infty(alpha^k)/((nk+r)!)x^(nk+r), (1) for r=0, ..., ...

The Gini coefficient (or Gini ratio) G is a summary statistic of the Lorenz curve and a measure of inequality in a population. The Gini coefficient is most easily calculated ...

The continued fraction of A is [1; 3, 1, 1, 5, 1, 1, 1, 3, 12, 4, 1, 271, 1, ...] (OEIS A087501). A plot of the first 256 terms of the continued fraction represented as a ...