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An even number of the form 4n+2 (i.e., an integer which is divisible by 2 but not by 4). The first few for n=0, 1, 2, ... are 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, ... (OEIS A016825)

A smooth map f:S^1->R^3 whose image has singularities. In particular, in the theory of Vassiliev's knot invariants, singular knots with a finite number of ordinary double ...

The singular support of a generalized function u is the complement of the largest open set on which u is smooth. Roughly speaking, it is the closed set where the distribution ...

A system is singular if its condition number is infinite and ill-conditioned if it is too large.

The partial differential equation u_(xt)=sinhu, which contains u_(xt) instead of u_(xx)-u_(tt) and sinhu instead to sinu, as in the sine-Gordon equation (Grauel 1985; ...

The partial differential equation del ^2u+lambda^2sinhu=0, where del ^2 is the Laplacian (Ting et al. 1987; Zwillinger 1997, p. 135).

A curve similar to the sine function but possibly shifted in phase, period, amplitude, or any combination thereof. The general sinusoid of amplitude a, angular frequency ...

A relationship between knot polynomials for links in different orientations (denoted below as L_+, L_0, and L_-). J. H. Conway was the first to realize that the Alexander ...

A diagonal of a square matrix which is traversed in the "northeast" direction. "The" skew diagonal (or "secondary diagonal") of an n×n square matrix is the skew diagonal from ...

Let H be a two-dimensional distribution function with marginal distribution functions F and G. Then there exists a copula C such that H(x,y)=C(F(x),G(y)). Conversely, for any ...