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The area Delta (sometimes also denoted sigma) of a triangle DeltaABC with side lengths a, b, c and corresponding angles A, B, and C is given by Delta = 1/2bcsinA (1) = ...

A vector derivative is a derivative taken with respect to a vector field. Vector derivatives are extremely important in physics, where they arise throughout fluid mechanics, ...

The Wallis formula follows from the infinite product representation of the sine sinx=xproduct_(n=1)^infty(1-(x^2)/(pi^2n^2)). (1) Taking x=pi/2 gives ...

n weighings are sufficient to find a bad coin among (3^n-1)/2 coins (Steinhaus 1999, p. 61). vos Savant (1993) gives an algorithm for finding a bad ball among 12 balls in ...

A q-analog, also called a q-extension or q-generalization, is a mathematical expression parameterized by a quantity q that generalizes a known expression and reduces to the ...

The associated Legendre polynomials P_l^m(x) and P_l^(-m)(x) generalize the Legendre polynomials P_l(x) and are solutions to the associated Legendre differential equation, ...

The number of ways a set of n elements can be partitioned into nonempty subsets is called a Bell number and is denoted B_n (not to be confused with the Bernoulli number, ...

The braced square problem asks, given a hinged square composed of four equal rods (indicated by the red lines above), how many more hinged rods must be added in the same ...

The Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind are a set of orthogonal polynomials defined as the solutions to the Chebyshev differential equation and denoted T_n(x). They are ...

The cocktail party graph of order n, also called the hyperoctahedral graph (Biggs 1993, p. 17), n-octahedron graph O_n (Jungerman and Ringel 1978), matching graph (Arvind et ...