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An integer d is a fundamental discriminant if it is not equal to 1, not divisible by any square of any odd prime, and satisfies d=1 (mod 4) or d=8,12 (mod 16). The function ...

A set of algebraic invariants for a quantic such that any invariant of the quantic is expressible as a polynomial in members of the set. Gordan (1868) proved the existence of ...

For a Galois extension field K of a field F, the fundamental theorem of Galois theory states that the subgroups of the Galois group G=Gal(K/F) correspond with the subfields ...

Let p>3 be a prime number, then 4(x^p-y^p)/(x-y)=R^2(x,y)-(-1)^((p-1)/2)pS^2(x,y), where R(x,y) and S(x,y) are homogeneous polynomials in x and y with integer coefficients. ...

A algebraic loop L is a generalized Bol loop if for all elements x, y, and z of L, ((xy)z)alpha(y)=x((yz)alpha(y)) for some map alpha:L->L. As the name suggests, these are ...

A global field is either a number field, a function field on an algebraic curve, or an extension of transcendence degree one over a finite field. From a modern point of view, ...

A group automorphism is an isomorphism from a group to itself. If G is a finite multiplicative group, an automorphism of G can be described as a way of rewriting its ...

A group action G×Omega->Omega might preserve a special kind of partition of Omega called a system of blocks. A block is a subset Delta of Omega such that for any group ...

The group theoretical term for what is known to physicists, by way of its connection with matrix traces, as the trace. The powerful group orthogonality theorem gives a number ...

A cycle of a finite group G is a minimal set of elements {A^0,A^1,...,A^n} such that A^0=A^n=I, where I is the identity element. A diagram of a group showing every cycle in ...