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A "beam detector" for a given curve C is defined as a curve (or set of curves) through which every line tangent to or intersecting C passes. The shortest 1-arc beam detector, ...

There are two kinds of Bell polynomials. A Bell polynomial B_n(x), also called an exponential polynomial and denoted phi_n(x) (Bell 1934, Roman 1984, pp. 63-67) is a ...

A braid with M strands and R components with P positive crossings and N negative crossings satisfies |P-N|<=2U+M-R<=P+N, where U is the unknotting number. While the second ...

If a sequence takes only a small number of different values, then by regarding the values as the elements of a finite field, the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm is an efficient ...

Intuitively, a model of d-dimensional percolation theory is said to be a Bernoulli model if the open/closed status of an area is completely random. In particular, it makes ...

The Bessel differential equation is the linear second-order ordinary differential equation given by x^2(d^2y)/(dx^2)+x(dy)/(dx)+(x^2-n^2)y=0. (1) Equivalently, dividing ...

The Bevan point V of a triangle DeltaABC is the circumcenter of the excentral triangle DeltaJ_AJ_BJ_C. It is named in honor of Benjamin Bevan, a relatively unknown Englishman ...

A bicubic graph is a bipartite cubic graph. Tutte (1971) conjectured that all 3-connected bicubic graphs are Hamiltonian (the Tutte conjecture), but a number of bicubic ...

A biplanar graph is defined as a graph that is the graph union of two planar edge-induced subgraphs. In other words, biplanar graphs are graphs with graph thickness 1 or 2 ...

A bishop graph is a graph formed from possible moves of a bishop chess piece, which may make diagonal moves of any length on a chessboard (or any other board). To form the ...