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Given a commutative unit ring R and a filtration F:... subset= I_2 subset= I_1 subset= I_0=R (1) of ideals of R, the Rees ring of R with respect to F is R_+(F)=I_0 direct sum ...

Let X be a normed space and X^(**)=(X^*)^* denote the second dual vector space of X. The canonical map x|->x^^ defined by x^^(f)=f(x),f in X^* gives an isometric linear ...

A method for fitting a curve (not necessarily a straight line) through a set of points using some goodness-of-fit criterion. The most common type of regression is linear ...

The regular hendecagon is the regular polygon with 11 sides, as illustrated above, and has Schläfli symbol {11}. The regular hendecagon cannot be constructed using the ...

A prime which does not divide the class number h(p) of the cyclotomic field obtained by adjoining a primitive pth root of unity to the field of rationals. A prime p is ...

In the 1930s, Reidemeister first rigorously proved that knots exist which are distinct from the unknot. He did this by showing that all knot deformations can be reduced to a ...

Let a discrete distribution have probability function p_k, and let a second discrete distribution have probability function q_k. Then the relative entropy of p with respect ...

A real-valued univariate function f=f(x) is said to have a removable discontinuity at a point x_0 in its domain provided that both f(x_0) and lim_(x->x_0)f(x)=L<infty (1) ...

A repeated integral is an integral taken multiple times over a single variable (as distinguished from a multiple integral, which consists of a number of integrals taken with ...

A balanced incomplete block design (B,V) is called resolvable if there exists a partition R of its set of blocks B into parallel classes, each of which in turn partitions the ...