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In a space E equipped with a symmetric, differential k-form, or Hermitian form, the orthogonal sum is the direct sum of two subspaces V and W, which are mutually orthogonal. ...

The variation of a function which exhibits slope changes, also called the saltus of a function. A series may also oscillate, causing it not to converge.

For an n-dimensional map, the Lyapunov characteristic exponents are given by sigma_i=lim_(N->infty)ln|lambda_i(N)| for i=1, ..., n, where lambda_i is the Lyapunov ...

The number of outward directed graph edges from a given graph vertex in a directed graph.

The outer Vecten circle is the circumcircle of the outer Vecten triangle. It has center at Kimberling center X_(641), which is the complement of the outer Vecten point ...

An "overdot" is a raised dot appearing above a symbol most commonly used in mathematics to indicate a derivative taken with respect to time (e.g., x^.=dx/dt). The expression ...

An egg-shaped curve. Lockwood (1967) calls the negative pedal curve of an ellipse with eccentricity e<=1/2 an ovoid.

A symbol employed in a formal propositional calculus.

The term pairwise refers to taking all unordered 2-subsets of a given set. For example, the pairwise products of the set {a,b,c} are ab, ac, and bc.

The Paley class of a positive integer m=0 (mod 4) is defined as the set of all possible quadruples (k,e,q,n) where m=2^e(q^n+1), (1) q is an odd prime, and k={0 if q=0; 1 if ...