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The backward difference is a finite difference defined by del _p=del f_p=f_p-f_(p-1). (1) Higher order differences are obtained by repeated operations of the backward ...

Bailey's transformation is the very general hypergeometric transformation (1) where k=1+2a-b-c-d, and the parameters are subject to the restriction b+c+d+e+f+g-m=2+3a (2) ...

The map x_(n+1)=2mux_n, (1) where x is computed modulo 1. A generalized Baker's map can be defined as x_(n+1) = {lambda_ax_n y_n<alpha ; (1-lambda_b)+lambda_bx_n y_n>alpha ...

The Bernoulli inequality states (1+x)^n>1+nx, (1) where x>-1!=0 is a real number and n>1 an integer. This inequality can be proven by taking a Maclaurin series of (1+x)^n, ...

Polynomials b_n(x) which form a Sheffer sequence with g(t) = t/(e^t-1) (1) f(t) = e^t-1, (2) giving generating function sum_(k=0)^infty(b_k(x))/(k!)t^k=(t(t+1)^x)/(ln(1+t)). ...

In order to find a root of a polynomial equation a_0x^n+a_1x^(n-1)+...+a_n=0, (1) consider the difference equation a_0y(t+n)+a_1y(t+n-1)+...+a_ny(t)=0, (2) which is known to ...

A series of the form sum_(n=0)^inftya_nJ_(nu+n)(z), (1) where nu is a real and J_(nu+n)(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind. Special cases are ...

An interpolation formula, sometimes known as the Newton-Bessel formula, given by (1) for p in [0,1], where delta is the central difference and B_(2n) = 1/2G_(2n) (2) = ...

If f(x) is piecewise continuous and has a generalized Fourier series sum_(i)a_iphi_i(x) (1) with weighting function w(x), it must be true that ...

The covariant derivative of the Riemann tensor is given by (1) Permuting nu, kappa, and eta (Weinberg 1972, pp. 146-147) gives the Bianchi identities ...