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The curve which is the envelope of reflected (catacaustic) or refracted (diacaustic) rays of a given curve for a light source at a given point (known as the radiant point).

A special point which usually has some symmetric placement with respect to points on a curve or in a solid. The center of a circle is equidistant from all points on the ...

A chamfered icosahedron, also called a tritruncated rhombic triacontahedron, is a polyhedron obtained by chamfering a regular icosahedron. The illustration above shows ...

Given a symmetric positive definite matrix A, the Cholesky decomposition is an upper triangular matrix U with strictly positive diagonal entries such that A=U^(T)U. Cholesky ...

The closed graph theorem states that a linear operator between two Banach spaces X and Y is continuous iff it has a closed graph, where the "graph" {(x,f(x)):x in X} is ...

The vector space generated by the columns of a matrix viewed as vectors. The column space of an n×m matrix A with real entries is a subspace generated by m elements of R^n, ...

Let K subset V subset S^3 be a knot that is geometrically essential in a standard embedding of the solid torus V in the three-sphere S^3. Let K_1 subset S^3 be another knot ...

The phrase "convergence in mean" is used in several branches of mathematics to refer to a number of different types of sequential convergence. In functional analysis, ...

The automorphism group Co_1 of the Leech lattice modulo a center of order two is called "the" Conway group. There are 15 exceptional conjugacy classes of the Conway group. ...

The categorical notion which is dual to product. The coproduct of a family {X_i}_(i in I) of objects of a category is an object C=coproduct_(i in I)X_i, together with a ...