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There are several equivalent definitions of a closed set. Let S be a subset of a metric space. A set S is closed if 1. The complement of S is an open set, 2. S is its own set ...

Cluster analysis is a technique used for classification of data in which data elements are partitioned into groups called clusters that represent collections of data elements ...

A metric space X which is not complete has a Cauchy sequence which does not converge. The completion of X is obtained by adding the limits to the Cauchy sequences. For ...

The modulus of a complex number z, also called the complex norm, is denoted |z| and defined by |x+iy|=sqrt(x^2+y^2). (1) If z is expressed as a complex exponential (i.e., a ...

The complex structure of a point x=x_1,x_2 in the plane is defined by the linear map J:R^2->R^2 J(x_1,x_2)=(-x_2,x_1), (1) and corresponds to a counterclockwise rotation by ...

The mapping of a grid of regularly ruled squares onto a cone with no overlap or misalignment. Cone nets are possible for vertex angles of 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 ...

(x^2)/(a^2-lambda)+(y^2)/(b^2-lambda)=z-lambda (1) (x^2)/(a^2-mu)+(y^2)/(b^2-mu)=z-mu (2) (x^2)/(a^2-nu)+(y^2)/(b^2-nu)=z-nu, (3) where lambda in (-infty,b^2), mu in ...

Given a triangle, draw a Cevian to one of the bases that divides it into two triangles having congruent incircles. The positions and sizes of these two circumcircles can then ...

The term "continuum" has (at least) two distinct technical meanings in mathematics. The first is a compact connected metric space (Kuratowski 1968; Lewis 1983, pp. 361-394; ...

The winding number of a contour gamma about a point z_0, denoted n(gamma,z_0), is defined by n(gamma,z_0)=1/(2pii)∮_gamma(dz)/(z-z_0) and gives the number of times gamma ...