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The regular hendecagon is the regular polygon with 11 sides, as illustrated above, and has Schläfli symbol {11}. The regular hendecagon cannot be constructed using the ...

The regular octagon is the regular polygon with eight sides, as illustrated above. The inradius r, circumradius R, and area A of the regular octagon can be computed directly ...

An analytic function f(z) whose Laurent series is given by f(z)=sum_(n=-infty)^inftya_n(z-z_0)^n, (1) can be integrated term by term using a closed contour gamma encircling ...

The study of manifolds having a complete Riemannian metric. Riemannian geometry is a general space based on the line element ds=F(x^1,...,x^n;dx^1,...,dx^n), with F(x,y)>0 ...

The nth roots of unity are roots e^(2piik/n) of the cyclotomic equation x^n=1, which are known as the de Moivre numbers. The notations zeta_k, epsilon_k, and epsilon_k, where ...

Let x be a positive number, and define lambda(d) = mu(d)[ln(x/d)]^2 (1) f(n) = sum_(d)lambda(d), (2) where the sum extends over the divisors d of n, and mu(n) is the Möbius ...

Given a simple harmonic oscillator with a quadratic perturbation, write the perturbation term in the form alphaepsilonx^2, x^..+omega_0^2x-alphaepsilonx^2=0, (1) find the ...

A square matrix U is a special unitary matrix if UU^*=I, (1) where I is the identity matrix and U^* is the conjugate transpose matrix, and the determinant is detU=1. (2) The ...

A standard basis, also called a natural basis, is a special orthonormal vector basis in which each basis vector has a single nonzero entry with value 1. In n-dimensional ...

In each of the ten cases with zero or unit mass, the finite part of the scalar 3-loop tetrahedral vacuum Feynman diagram reduces to four-letter "words" that represent ...