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Let j_k(alpha) denote the number of cycles of length k for a permutation alpha expressed as a product of disjoint cycles. The cycle index Z(X) of a permutation group X of ...

The number of digits D in an integer n is the number of numbers in some base (usually 10) required to represent it. The numbers 1 to 9 are therefore single digits, while the ...

Let a be the angle between v and x, b the angle between v and y, and c the angle between v and z. Then the direction cosines are equivalent to the (x,y,z) coordinates of a ...

A compound of five regular dodecahedra with the symmetry of the icosahedron (Wenninger 1983, pp. 145-147) can be constructed by taking a dodecahedron with top and bottom ...

The v coordinates are the asymptotic angle of confocal hyperbolic cylinders symmetrical about the x-axis. The u coordinates are confocal elliptic cylinders centered on the ...

A parameterization of a minimal surface in terms of two functions f(z) and g(z) as [x(r,phi); y(r,phi); z(r,phi)]=Rint[f(1-g^2); if(1+g^2); 2fg]dz, where z=re^(iphi) and R[z] ...

An extremum is a maximum or minimum. An extremum may be local (a.k.a. a relative extremum; an extremum in a given region which is not the overall maximum or minimum) or ...

Let T_n(x) be an arbitrary trigonometric polynomial T_n(x)=1/2a_0+{sum_(k=1)^n[a_kcos(kx)+b_ksin(kx)]} (1) with real coefficients, let f be a function that is integrable over ...

A differential k-form can be integrated on an n-dimensional manifold. The basic example is an n-form alpha in the open unit ball in R^n. Since alpha is a top-dimensional ...

A group is called a free group if no relation exists between its group generators other than the relationship between an element and its inverse required as one of the ...