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The Jacobi triple product is the beautiful identity product_(n=1)^infty(1-x^(2n))(1+x^(2n-1)z^2)(1+(x^(2n-1))/(z^2))=sum_(m=-infty)^inftyx^(m^2)z^(2m). (1) In terms of the ...

The Knödel graph W_(Delta,n) is a regular bipartite graph of vertex degree Delta on n nodes for even n>=2 and 1<=Delta<=|_log_2n_| with edges defined as follows. Label the ...

The signature s(K) of a knot K can be defined using the skein relationship s(unknot)=0 (1) s(K_+)-s(K_-) in {0,2}, (2) and 4|s(K)<->del (K)(2i)>0, (3) where del (K) is the ...

Generalizing from a straight line (i.e., first degree polynomial) to a kth degree polynomial y=a_0+a_1x+...+a_kx^k, (1) the residual is given by ...

The straight line on which all points at infinity lie. The line at infinity is central line L_6 (Kimberling 1998, p. 150), and has trilinear equation aalpha+bbeta+cgamma=0, ...

The second-order ordinary differential equation y^('')+g(y)y^('2)+f(x)y^'=0 (1) is called Liouville's equation (Goldstein and Braun 1973; Zwillinger 1997, p. 124), as are the ...

Zygmund (1988, p. 192) noted that there exists a number alpha_0 in (0,1) such that for each alpha>=alpha_0, the partial sums of the series sum_(n=1)^(infty)n^(-alpha)cos(nx) ...

The Lorenz curve is used in economics and ecology to describe inequality in wealth or size. The Lorenz curve is a function of the cumulative proportion of ordered individuals ...

The Lyapunov condition, sometimes known as Lyapunov's central limit theorem, states that if the (2+epsilon)th moment (with epsilon>0) exists for a statistical distribution of ...

If x takes only nonnegative values, then P(x>=a)<=(<x>)/a. (1) To prove the theorem, write <x> = int_0^inftyxP(x)dx (2) = int_0^axP(x)dx+int_a^inftyxP(x)dx. (3) Since P(x) is ...