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The surface generated by a twisted curve C when rotated about a fixed axis A and, at the same time, displaced parallel to A so that the velocity of displacement is always ...

A topologically invariant property of a surface defined as the largest number of nonintersecting simple closed curves that can be drawn on the surface without separating it. ...

The term "gradient" has several meanings in mathematics. The simplest is as a synonym for slope. The more general gradient, called simply "the" gradient in vector analysis, ...

An elliptic function can be characterized by its real and imaginary half-periods omega_1 and omega_2 (Whittaker and Watson 1990, p. 428), sometimes also denoted ...

A root-finding algorithm also known as the tangent hyperbolas method or Halley's rational formula. As in Halley's irrational formula, take the second-order Taylor series ...

Given a set A, let N(A) be the set of neighbors of A. Then the bipartite graph G with bipartitions X and Y has a perfect matching iff |N(A)|>=|A| for all subsets A of X.

A device consisting of two coupled pendula, usually oscillating at right angles to each other, which are attached to a pen. The resulting motion can produce beautiful, ...

A linkage which draws the inverse of a given curve. It can also convert circular to linear motion. The rods satisfy AB=CD and BC=DA, and O, P, and P^' remain collinear while ...

The grouping of data into bins (spaced apart by the so-called class interval) plotting the number of members in each bin versus the bin number. The above histogram shows the ...

Refer to the above figures. Let X be the point of intersection, with X^' ahead of X on one manifold and X^('') ahead of X of the other. The mapping of each of these points ...