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The derivative identity d/(dx)[f(x)g(x)] = lim_(h->0)(f(x+h)g(x+h)-f(x)g(x))/h (1) = (2) = lim_(h->0)[f(x+h)(g(x+h)-g(x))/h+g(x)(f(x+h)-f(x))/h] (3) = f(x)g^'(x)+g(x)f^'(x), ...

The derivative rule d/(dx)[(f(x))/(g(x))]=(g(x)f^'(x)-f(x)g^'(x))/([g(x)]^2).

The formulas j_n(z) = z^n(-1/zd/(dz))^n(sinz)/z (1) y_n(z) = -z^n(-1/zd/(dz))^n(cosz)/z (2) for n=0, 1, 2, ..., where j_n(z) is a spherical Bessel function of the first kind ...

The reciprocal differences are closely related to the divided difference. The first few are explicitly given by rho(x_0,x_1)=(x_0-x_1)/(f_0-f_1) (1) ...

Let the true value of a quantity be x and the measured or inferred value x_0. Then the relative error is defined by deltax=(Deltax)/x=(x_0-x)/x=(x_0)/x-1, where Deltax is the ...

S_n(z) = zj_n(z)=sqrt((piz)/2)J_(n+1/2)(z) (1) C_n(z) = -zn_n(z)=-sqrt((piz)/2)N_(n+1/2)(z), (2) where j_n(z) and n_n(z) are spherical Bessel functions of the first and ...

The integral int_0^thetae^(-xsecphi)dphi.

The sinusoidal projection is an equal-area projection given by the transformation x = (lambda-lambda_0)cosphi (1) y = phi. (2) The inverse formulas are phi = y (3) lambda = ...

Let rho be a reciprocal difference. Then Thiele's interpolation formula is the continued fraction f(x)=f(x_1)+(x-x_1)/(rho(x_1,x_2)+)(x-x_2)/(rho_2(x_1,x_2,x_3)-f(x_1)+) ...

Trigonometric identities which prove useful in the construction of map projections include (1) where A^' = A-C (2) B^' = 2B-4D (3) C^' = 4C (4) D^' = 8D. (5) ...