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The 2-point Newton-Cotes formula int_(x_1)^(x_2)f(x)dx=1/2h(f_1+f_2)-1/(12)h^3f^('')(xi), where f_i=f(x_i), h is the separation between the points, and xi is a point ...

Let x and y be vectors. Then the triangle inequality is given by |x|-|y|<=|x+y|<=|x|+|y|. (1) Equivalently, for complex numbers z_1 and z_2, ...

A square matrix with nonzero elements only on the diagonal and slots horizontally or vertically adjacent the diagonal (i.e., along the subdiagonal and superdiagonal), [a_(11) ...

The versine, also known as the "versed sine," is a little-used trigonometric function defined by versin(z) = 2sin^2(1/2z) (1) = 1-cosz, (2) where sinz is the sine and cosz is ...

The vertical perspective projection is a map projection that corresponds to the appearance of a globe when directly viewed from some distance away with the z-axis of the ...

(d^2u)/(dz^2)+(du)/(dz)+(k/z+(1/4-m^2)/(z^2))u=0. (1) Let u=e^(-z/2)W_(k,m)(z), where W_(k,m)(z) denotes a Whittaker function. Then (1) becomes ...

The symbol ker has at least two different meanings in mathematics. It can refer to a special function related to Bessel functions, or (written either with a capital or ...

The van der Grinten projection is a map projection given by the transformation x = (1) y = sgn(phi)(pi|PQ-Asqrt((A^2+1)(P^2+A^2)-Q^2)|)/(P^2+A^2), (2) where A = ...

erf(z) is the "error function" encountered in integrating the normal distribution (which is a normalized form of the Gaussian function). It is an entire function defined by ...

Seeks to obtain the best numerical estimate of an integral by picking optimal abscissas x_i at which to evaluate the function f(x). The fundamental theorem of Gaussian ...