Graphs corresponding to closed walks of length 
are known as 
-cyclic graphs, or 
-graphs for short. 
-graphs are connected
by definition. The numbers of 
-graphs for 
, 4, ... are 1, 3, 3, 10, 12, 35, 58, 160, 341, 958, 2444,
7242, 21190, 67217, 217335, ... (OEIS A081809;
FlowProblems), the first few of which are illustrated above.
It appears that every connected simple graph on more than one node is 
for some value of 
. For example, every connected
graph on six or fewer nodes with the exception of the complete
graph 
is 
for some 
.
These graphs are important when counting graph cycles. This is because the number of (undirected) closed 
-walks in a graph with adjacency
matrix 
is given by 
,
where 
denotes the matrix trace, but in order to compute
the number 
of 
-cycles, all closed 
-walks that are not cycles must
be subtracted.
-Graphs."