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Quasiaddition


Quasiaddition, also called quasicrystal addition, is a binary operation on points in a vector space over Q(sqrt(5)) defined by

 x⊣y=phi^2x-phiy,
(1)

where phi is the golden ratio (Berman and Moody 1994). It is generally neither commutative nor associative, but satisfies identities such as

x⊣x=x
(2)
x⊣(x⊣y)=y⊣x
(3)
(x+u)⊣(y+u)=(x⊣y)+u
(4)

(Berman and Moody 1994).

Quasiaddition

Starting with a set A_0 of the five vertices of a regular pentagon, define A_(n+1)=A_0⊣A_n. The initial set A_0 together with the first five iterates give the point set patterns illustrated above (Berman and Moody 1994).

Quasiaddition is useful in the algebraic theory of aperiodic tilings and quasicrystals with five-fold symmetry (Moody and Patera 1993, Berman and Moody 1994). In a cut-and-project construction, a projected point x is retained precisely when its Galois conjugate x^* lies in a fixed region called the window. For five-fold constructions, conjugation sends phi to phi^'=1-phi=-phi^(-1), so

 (x⊣y)^*=phi^(-2)x^*+phi^(-1)y^*,
(5)

where the coefficients are nonnegative and sum to 1. If the window is convex, this makes (x⊣y)^* a convex combination of x^* and y^*, so the point set is closed under quasiaddition (Berman and Moody 1994).


See also

Aperiodic Tiling, Golden Ratio, Penrose Tiles, Pentagon

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References

Berman, S. and Moody, R. V. "The Algebraic Theory of Quasicrystals with Five-Fold Symmetries." J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 27, 115-129, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/27/1/007.Moody, R. V. and Patera, J. "Quasicrystals and Icosians." J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 26, 2829-2853, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/26/12/022.

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Quasiaddition." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Quasiaddition.html

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