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Punctured Disk


A punctured disk is an open disk with its center removed. In the complex plane, the punctured disk of radius R>0 centered at z_0 is

 D^*(z_0,R)={z in C:0<|z-z_0|<R}.

The punctured unit disk is D^*(0,1)={z in C:0<|z|<1}.

Unlike an open disk, a punctured disk is not simply connected. For a counterclockwise circle gamma of radius r centered at z_0, with 0<r<R,

 ∮_gamma(dz)/(z-z_0)=2pii.

Consequently, there is no single-valued function that is a holomorphic branch of the complex natural logarithm of z-z_0 throughout the punctured disk (Lebl 2026, pp. 91-94 and 99-101).

Removing a radial segment from the puncture to the boundary instead gives a slit disk. For example, D^*(0,R)\(0,R) is simply connected and admits a holomorphic branch of the natural logarithm of z.

A holomorphic function on D^*(z_0,R) has a Laurent series about z_0 converging throughout that punctured disk. Its isolated singularity at z_0 is classified as a removable singularity, a pole, or an essential singularity (Lebl 2026, pp. 103-104 and 124-125).


See also

Disk, Isolated Singularity, Laurent Series, Punctured Plane, Punctured Set, Slit Disk, Unit Disk

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References

Lebl, J. Guide to Cultivating Complex Analysis: Working the Complex Field. Version 1.9, pp. 91-94, 99-104, and 124-125, 2026. https://www.jirka.org/ca/ca.pdf.

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Punctured Disk." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/PuncturedDisk.html

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