The Plutarch numbers are 103,049 and 310,952, the counts attributed to Hipparchus in Plutarch's Moralia (Plutarch 1961, Stanley 1997). Plutarch states "Chrysippus
says that the number of compound propositions that can be made from only ten simple
propositions exceeds a million. (Hipparchus, to be sure, refuted this by showing
that on the affirmative side there are compound statements, and on the negative side .)"
can be interpreted as the number
of bracketings
on ten letters (Stanley 1997, Habsieger et al. 1998). Habsieger et al.
(1998) proposed the nearby value for the second number (Pergola and
Sulanke 1998).