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Maximally Graceful Tree


A maximally graceful tree is a graceful tree (or assuming the truth of the graceful tree theorem, simply "a tree") that has the maximum possible number of graceful labelings among all trees with the same number of vertices.

Anick (2016) enumerated maximally graceful trees on up to 17 vertices (16 edges), including both subtractively complementary labelings in his counts (meaning they are a factor of 2 times the usual "fundamentally distinct" labeling counts).

MaximallyGracefulTrees

The numbers of fundamentally distinct labelings of a maximally graceful tree on n=1, 2, ... vertices (corresponding to m=0, 1, 2, ... edges) are 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 6, 18, 52, 114, 367, 1777, 5249, 21107, 84746, 432769, 10399350, ... (OEIS A379102). The corresponding maximally labeled trees are illustrated above, with two distinct trees tied for the maximum in the cases of n=4 and n=10.


See also

Graceful Graph, Graceful Labeling, Graceful Tree Theorem, Maximally Graceful Graph, Tree

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References

Anick, D. "Counting Graceful Labelings of Trees: A Theoretical and Empirical Study." Disc. Appl. Math. 198, 65-81, 2016.Knuth, D. E. §7.2.2.3 in The Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 4B: Combinatorial Algorithms, Part 2. New York: Addison-Wesley, 2022.Sloane, N. J. A. Sequence A379102 in "The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences."

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Maximally Graceful Tree." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/MaximallyGracefulTree.html

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