Harmonic analysis studies the representation and analysis of functions through oscillatory components. In music, integer multiples
,
,
, and so on of a note's frequency
are known as harmonics. The mathematical study of overlapping
waves gives the subject its name (Darrigol 2007, pp. 343-344).
The field includes such branches as Fourier series, isospectral manifolds (hearing the shape of a drum), and topological groups. Signal processing, medical imaging, and quantum mechanics are three of the fields that use harmonic analysis extensively.
Modern questions include mapping estimates for the Fourier restriction operator, Bochner-Riesz means, and singular integrals. The Kakeya maximal conjecture connects directional averaging to geometric questions about Kakeya sets.