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Chaos Game


ChaosGame

The chaos game is a random-iteration method for an iterated function system. In its polygonal form, pick a point at random inside a regular polygon with n sides. Then draw the next point a fraction r of the distance between it and a polygon vertex picked at random. Continue the process (after throwing out the first few points). The result of this "chaos game" is sometimes, but not always, a fractal. The results of the chaos game are shown above for several values of (n,r).

ChaosGameHalf

The above plots show the chaos game for 10000 points in regular polygons with 3, 4, 5, and 6 sides with r=1/2. The case (n,r)=(4,1/2) gives the interior of a square with all points visited with equal probability.

ChaosGameSquares

The above plots show the chaos game for 10000 points in the square with r=0.25, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.75, and 0.9.


See also

Barnsley's Fern, Iterated Function System, Sierpiński Sieve

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References

Barnsley, M. F. and Rising, H. Fractals Everywhere, 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Academic Press, 1993.Bogomolny, A. "Sierpinski Gasket Via Chaos Game." https://www.cut-the-knot.org/Curriculum/Geometry/SierpinskiChaosGame.shtml.Borwein, J. and Bailey, D. "Pascal's Triangle." §2.1 in Mathematics by Experiment: Plausible Reasoning in the 21st Century. Wellesley, MA: A K Peters, pp. 47-48, 2003.Dickau, R. M. "The Chaos Game." https://www.robertdickau.com/chaos_game.html.Jeffrey, H. J. "Chaos Game Representation of Genetic Sequences." Nucleic Acids Res. 18, 2163-2170, 1990.Jeffrey, H. J. "Chaos Game Visualization of Sequences." Comput. & Graphics 16, 25-33, 1992. Reprinted in Chaos and Fractals, A Computer Graphical Journey: Ten Year Compilation of Advanced Research (Ed. C. A. Pickover). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, pp. 5-13, 1998.Peitgen, H.-O.; Jürgens, H.; and Saupe, D. Fractals for the Classroom, Part 1: Introduction to Fractals and Chaos. New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 41-43, 1992.Pickover, C. A. (Ed.). Fractal Horizons: The Future Use of Fractals. New York: St. Martin's Press, pp. 27, 57-59, and 169-171, 1996.Wagon, S. Mathematica in Action, 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 226-239, 1999.

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Chaos Game

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Chaos Game." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/ChaosGame.html

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