An astroid pedal curve with pedal point at the center of an astroid
|
(1)
| |||
|
(2)
|
is the quadrifolium
|
(3)
| |||
|
(4)
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For
and
,
this parametrization traverses the four lobes clockwise, so its signed
area and geometric area are
|
(5)
|
and
|
(6)
|
respectively. Since
|
(7)
|
the total arc length is
|
(8)
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where
is the complete elliptic
integral of the second kind with modulus
.