The Ackley function is a nonconvex test function used to compare methods of global optimization.
In 
dimensions, its usual form is
 |
where the standard parameter values are 
, 
, and 
. With these values, the function has global
minimum 
.
Its nearly flat outer region, large central depression, and many local
minima make it a useful benchmark for testing whether a global
optimization method escapes local minima.
