The Ackley function is a nonconvex test function used to compare methods of global optimization.
In 
dimensions, its usual form is
 |
where the standard parameter values are 
, 
, and 
. With these values, the function
has global minimum 
. Its nearly flat outer region, large central depression,
and many local minima make it a useful benchmark
for testing whether a global optimization
method escapes local minima.
