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A dual number is a number x+epsilony, where x,y in R and epsilon is a matrix with the property that epsilon^2=0 (such as epsilon=[0 1; 0 0]).

The intersection number omega(G) of a given graph G is the minimum number of elements in a set S such that G is an intersection graph on S.

A number which can be computed to any number of digits desired by a Turing machine. Surprisingly, most irrationals are not computable numbers!

An even number is an integer of the form n=2k, where k is an integer. The even numbers are therefore ..., -4, -2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ... (OEIS A005843). Since the even ...

The ordered pair (s,t), where s is the number of real embeddings of the number field and t is the number of complex-conjugate pairs of embeddings. The degree of the number ...

The minimal polynomial of an algebraic number zeta is the unique irreducible monic polynomial of smallest degree p(x) with rational coefficients such that p(zeta)=0 and whose ...

The Ramsey number R(m,n) gives the solution to the party problem, which asks the minimum number of guests R(m,n) that must be invited so that at least m will know each other ...

A Ramsey number of the form R(k,k;2).

A 10-digit number satisfying the following property. Number the digits 0 to 9, and let digit n be the number of ns in the number. There is exactly one such number: 6210001000.

A slightly archaic term for a computer-generated random number. The prefix pseudo- is used to distinguish this type of number from a "truly" random number generated by a ...