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A computation is an operation that begins with some initial conditions and gives an output which follows from a definite set of rules. The most common example are ...

A formal logic developed by Alonzo Church and Stephen Kleene to address the computable number problem. In the lambda calculus, lambda is defined as the abstraction operator. ...

A method for generating random (pseudorandom) numbers using the linear recurrence relation X_(n+1)=aX_n+c (mod m), where a and c must assume certain fixed values, m is some ...

The function z=f(x)=ln(x/(1-x)). (1) This function has an inflection point at x=1/2, where f^('')(x)=(2x-1)/(x^2(x-1)^2)=0. (2) Applying the logit transformation to values ...

In simple algebra, multiplication is the process of calculating the result when a number a is taken b times. The result of a multiplication is called the product of a and b, ...

NAND, also known as the Sheffer stroke, is a connective in logic equivalent to the composition NOT AND that yields true if any condition is false, and false if all conditions ...

NAND, also known as the Sheffer stroke, is a connective in logic equivalent to the composition NOT AND that yields true if any condition is false, and false if all conditions ...

If a graph G has n graph vertices such that every pair of the n graph vertices which are not joined by a graph edge has a sum of valences which is >=n, then G is Hamiltonian. ...

Given a matrix A, its QR-decomposition is a matrix decomposition of the form A=QR, where R is an upper triangular matrix and Q is an orthogonal matrix, i.e., one satisfying ...

A Saunders graphic is a plot of the dth base-b digits of a function f(x,y) as a function of x and y. The plots above show Saunders graphics for the functions ...