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A famous perceptual illusion in which the brain switches between seeing a young girl and an old woman (or "wife" and "mother in law"). An anonymous German postcard from 1888 ...

An ambiguous figure in which the brain switches between seeing a rabbit and a duck. The duck-rabbit was "originally noted" by American psychologist Joseph Jastrow (Jastrow ...

Almost all processes that are not obviously simple can be viewed as computations of equivalent sophistication (Wolfram 2002, pp. 5 and 716-717). More specifically, the ...

A figure used in many Asian cultures to symbolize the unity of the two "opposite" female and male elements, the "yin" and "yang." The solid and hollow parts composing the ...

Connecting the centers of touching spheres in a three-dimensional Apollonian gasket by edges given a graph known as the Apollonian network. This process is illustrated above ...

A triangle in which all three angles are acute angles. A triangle which is neither acute nor a right triangle (i.e., it has an obtuse angle) is called an obtuse triangle. ...

Conway's soldiers, also known as the "solitaire army" game (Berlekamp et al. 1982) or "checker-jumping problem" (Honsberger 1976) is a one-player game played on an infinite ...

The Ouchi illusion, illustrated above, is an illusion named after its inventor, Japanese artist Hajime Ouchi. In this illusion, the central disk seems to float above the ...

An illusion is an object or drawing which appears to have properties which are physically impossible, deceptive, or counterintuitive. Kitaoka maintains a web page of ...

Bertrand's postulate, also called the Bertrand-Chebyshev theorem or Chebyshev's theorem, states that if n>3, there is always at least one prime p between n and 2n-2. ...