Disk Triangle Picking -- from Wolfram MathWorld

Geometry > Computational Geometry > Random Point Picking >

Number Theory > Constants > Geometric Constants >

Foundations of Mathematics > Mathematical Problems > Unsolved Problems >

Disk Triangle Picking

Pick three points , , and distributed independently and uniformly in a unit disk (i.e., in the interior of the unit circle). Then the average area of the triangle determined by these points is

A^_=(intint_(P in K)intint_(Q in K)intint_(R in K)1/2|x_1 y_1 1; x_2 y_2 1; x_3 y_3 1|dy_3dy_2dy_1dx_3dx_2dx_1)/(intint_(P in K)intint_(Q in K)intint_(R in K)dy_3dy_2dy_1dx_3dx_2dx_1).

(1)

Using disk point picking, this can be written as

(2)

where

(3)

A trigonometric substitution can then be used to remove the trigonometric functions and split the integral into

(4)

where

			(5)
			(6)

However, the easiest way to evaluate the integral is using Crofton's formula and polar coordinates to yield

(7)

(Sloane's A093587; Woolhouse 1867; Solomon 1978; Pfiefer 1989; Zinani 2003). This problem is very closely related to Sylvester's four-point problem, and can be derived as the limit as of the general polygon triangle picking problem.

The distribution of areas, illustrated above, is apparently not known exactly.

The probability that three random points in a disk form an acute triangle is

(8)

(Sloane's A093588; Woolhouse 1886). The problem was generalized by Hall (1982) to -dimensional ball triangle picking, and Buchta (1986) gave closed form evaluations for Hall's integrals.

REFERENCES:

Buchta, C. "Zufallspolygone in konvexen Vielecken." J. reine angew. Math. 347, 212-220, 1984.

Buchta, C. "A Note on the Volume of a Random Polytope in a Tetrahedron." Ill. J. Math. 30, 653-659, 1986.

Guy, R. K. "There are Three Times as Many Obtuse-Angled Triangles as There are Acute-Angled Ones." Math. Mag. 66, 175-178, 1993.

Hall, G. R. "Acute Triangles in the -Ball." J. Appl. Prob. 19, 712-715, 1982.

Pfiefer, R. E. "The Historical Development of J. J. Sylvester's Four Point Problem." Math. Mag. 62, 309-317, 1989.

Sloane, N. J. A. Sequences A093587 and A093588 in "The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences."

Solomon, H. Geometric Probability. Philadelphia, PA: SIAM, 1978.

Woolhouse, W. S. B. "Solution to Problem 1350." Mathematical Questions, with Their Solutions, from the Educational Times, Vol. 1. London: F. Hodgson and Son, pp. 49-51, 1886.

Woolhouse, W. S. B. "Some Additional Observations on the Four-Point Problem." Mathematical Questions, with Their Solutions, from the Educational Times, Vol. 7. London: F. Hodgson and Son, p. 81, 1867.

Zinani, A. "The Expected Volume of a Tetrahedron Whose Vertices are Chosen at Random in the Interior of a Cube." Monatshefte Math. 139, 341-348, 2003.

CITE THIS AS:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Disk Triangle Picking." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/DiskTrianglePicking.html