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A subring of a ring R is a subgroup of R that is closed under multiplication.

The symbol ∼ used to denote similarity, equivalence relations, or asymptosy.

A system in which a strange loop appears.

An operator T which maps some basic polynomial sequence p_n(x) into another basic polynomial sequence q_n(x).

An aliquot sequence computed using the analog of the restricted divisor function s^*(n) in which only unitary divisors are included.

What is the probability that a chord drawn at random on a circle of radius r (i.e., circle line picking) has length >=r (or sometimes greater than or equal to the side length ...

Perspective is the art and mathematics of realistically depicting three-dimensional objects in a two-dimensional plane, sometimes called centric or natural perspective to ...

The simple process of voting leads to surprisingly counterintuitive paradoxes. For example, if three people vote for three candidates, giving the rankings A, B, C; B, C, A; ...

The geometric distribution is a discrete distribution for n=0, 1, 2, ... having probability density function P(n) = p(1-p)^n (1) = pq^n, (2) where 0<p<1, q=1-p, and ...

The mathematical study of how given quantities can be approximated by other (usually simpler) ones under appropriate conditions. Approximation theory also studies the size ...