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A line in the complex plane with slope +/-i. An isotropic line passes through either of the circular points at infinity. Isotropic lines are perpendicular to themselves.

A tensor which has the same components in all rotated coordinate systems. All rank-0 tensors (scalars) are isotropic, but no rank-1 tensors (vectors) are. The unique rank-2 ...

Some elements of a group G acting on a space X may fix a point x. These group elements form a subgroup called the isotropy group, defined by G_x={g in G:gx=x}. For example, ...

Find the surface enclosing the maximum volume per unit surface area, I=V/S. The solution is a sphere, which has I_(sphere)=(4/3pir^3)/(4pir^2)=1/3r. The fact that a sphere ...

An isozonohedron is a zonohedron whose faces consist of n(n-1) congruent rhombi (Fedorov 1953, pp. 256-266; Chilton and Coxeter 1963). The following table summarizes some of ...

A finite set of contraction maps w_i for i=1, 2, ..., N, each with a contractivity factor s<1, which map a compact metric space onto itself. It is the basis for fractal image ...

An iterated map is a map that is applied repeatedly to an object. The Wolfram Language function NestList[f, expr, n] gives a list of the results of iterating the function f n ...

The repeated application of a transformation.

A sequence {a_j} of positive integers is called an iteration sequence if there exists a strictly increasing sequence {s_k} of positive integers such that a_1=s_1>=2 and ...

Let W(u) be a Wiener process. Then where V_t=f(W(t),tau) for 0<=tau=T-t<=T, and f in C^(2,1)((0,infty)×[0,T]). Note that while Ito's lemma was proved by Kiyoshi Ito (also ...