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A congruence of the form f(x)=g(x) (mod n), where f(x) and g(x) are both integer polynomials. Functional congruences are sometimes also called "identical congruences" (Nagell ...

The functional derivative is a generalization of the usual derivative that arises in the calculus of variations. In a functional derivative, instead of differentiating a ...

A functional differential equation is a differential equation in which the derivative y^'(t) of an unknown function y has a value at t that is related to y as a function of ...

An equation of the form f(x,y,...)=0, where f contains a finite number of independent variables, known functions, and unknown functions which are to be solved for. Many ...

A functional graph is a directed graph in which each vertex has outdegree one, and can therefore be specified by a function mapping {1,...,n} onto itself. Functional graphs ...

A function between categories which maps objects to objects and morphisms to morphisms. Functors exist in both covariant and contravariant types.

The canonical generator of the nonvanishing homology group on a topological manifold.

Given two univariate polynomials of the same order whose first p coefficients (but not the first p-1) are 0 where the coefficients of the second approach the corresponding ...

An integer d is a fundamental discriminant if it is not equal to 1, not divisible by any square of any odd prime, and satisfies d=1 (mod 4) or d=8,12 (mod 16). The function ...

Let G be a group and S be a topological G-set. Then a closed subset F of S is called a fundamental domain of G in S if S is the union of conjugates of F, i.e., S= union _(g ...